如何在Ubuntu24系统中安装和配置常用的开发工具？
美国、香港服务器
如何在Ubuntu24系统中安装和配置常用的开发工具？
05-21 来源:
在 Ubuntu 24 系统中安装和配置常用开发工具的步骤如下，涵盖编程语言环境、编辑器、版本控制、容器化工具等核心组件：
一、更新系统软件包
bash
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
二、安装编程语言环境
1. Python (预装 Python 3.12)
bash
# 验证版本
python3 --version # 输出Python 3.12.x
# 安装开发工具
sudo apt install -y python3-pip python3-venv
# 配置虚拟环境示例
python3 -m venv myenv
source myenv/bin/activate
2. Node.js (使用 NodeSource 仓库)
bash
# 添加仓库
curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | sudo -E bash -
# 安装Node.js和npm
sudo apt install -y nodejs
# 验证版本
node -v # v20.x.x
npm -v # 10.x.x
3. Java (OpenJDK 21)
bash
sudo apt install -y openjdk-21-jdk
# 验证版本
java -version # openjdk version "21"
4. Rust
bash
curl --proto "=https" --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://sh.rustup.rs | sh
source $HOME/.cargo/env
三、安装代码编辑器与 IDE
1. Visual Studio Code (Snap 安装)
bash
sudo snap install code --classic
2. JetBrains IDEs (通过 Toolbox)
bash
# 安装依赖
sudo apt install -y wget tar
# 下载并安装Toolbox
wget -O jetbrains-toolbox.tar.gz https://download.jetbrains.com/toolbox/jetbrains-toolbox-1.28.1.15219.tar.gz
tar -xzf jetbrains-toolbox.tar.gz
cd jetbrains-toolbox-*/
./jetbrains-toolbox
3. Vim (增强版)
bash
sudo apt install -y vim-gtk3
四、版本控制工具
Git
bash
sudo apt install -y git
# 配置Git
git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com"
git config --global core.editor "code --wait" # 使用VS Code作为默认编辑器
GitHub CLI
bash
type -p curl >/dev/null || sudo apt install curl -y
curl -fsSL https://cli.github.com/packages/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg | sudo dd of=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
&& sudo chmod go+r /usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg \
&& echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/githubcli-archive-keyring.gpg] https://cli.github.com/packages stable main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/github-cli.list > /dev/null \
&& sudo apt update \
&& sudo apt install gh -y
五、容器化与云工具
Docker
bash
# 添加Docker仓库
sudo apt install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
# 安装Docker引擎
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin
# 添加当前用户到docker组（避免sudo）
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
newgrp docker # 刷新组权限
Kubernetes (kubectl)
bash
curl -LO "https://dl.k8s.io/release/$(curl -L -s https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt)/bin/linux/amd64/kubectl"
sudo install -o root -g root -m 0755 kubectl /usr/local/bin/kubectl
kubectl version --client
六、数据库工具
MySQL
bash
sudo apt install -y mysql-server
sudo systemctl start mysql
sudo systemctl enable mysql
# 安全配置
sudo mysql_secure_installation
PostgreSQL
bash
sudo apt install -y postgresql postgresql-contrib
sudo systemctl start postgresql
sudo systemctl enable postgresql
# 创建用户和数据库
sudo -u postgres createuser your_username
sudo -u postgres createdb your_database
MongoDB
bash
# 添加MongoDB仓库
wget -qO - https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-7.0.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [ arch=amd64,arm64 ] https://repo.mongodb.org/apt/ubuntu jammy/mongodb-org/7.0 multiverse" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-7.0.list
# 安装MongoDB
sudo apt update
sudo apt install -y mongodb-org
# 启动服务
sudo systemctl start mongod
sudo systemctl enable mongod
七、其他常用工具
1. Redis
bash
sudo apt install -y redis-server
sudo systemctl start redis-server
sudo systemctl enable redis-server
2. Apache/Nginx
bash
# Apache
sudo apt install -y apache2
sudo systemctl start apache2
sudo systemctl enable apache2
# Nginx
sudo apt install -y nginx
sudo systemctl start nginx
sudo systemctl enable nginx
3. 包管理工具
bash
# pipx (Python应用隔离安装)
pip install --user pipx
pipx ensurepath
# Homebrew (补充包管理器)
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
echo "eval "$(/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"" >> ~/.bashrc
eval "$(/home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/brew shellenv)"
八、配置开发环境
1. SSH 密钥配置
bash
# 生成SSH密钥
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "your.email@example.com"
eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519
# 复制公钥到剪贴板
cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub | xclip -selection clipboard
2. 配置 VS Code 扩展
安装常用扩展（需先启动 VS Code）：
bash
code --install-extension ms-python.python
code --install-extension ms-vscode.cpptools
code --install-extension esbenp.prettier-vscode
code --install-extension eamodio.gitlens
3. 配置终端（可选）
bash
# 安装Zsh和Oh My Zsh
sudo apt install -y zsh
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# 安装Powerlevel10k主题
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
sed -i "s/ZSH_THEME="robbyrussell"/ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k\/powerlevel10k"/" ~/.zshrc
# 安装语法高亮插件
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
sed -i "s/plugins=(git)/plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting)/" ~/.zshrc
九、验证安装
bash
# 验证Python
python3 --version
# 验证Node.js
node -v
# 验证Docker
docker run --rm hello-world
# 验证Git
git --version
注意事项
权限问题：
使用sudo时需谨慎，尤其是修改系统配置文件（如/etc目录）。
添加用户到docker组后需重启终端生效。
版本选择：
如需特定版本（如 Python 3.11），可通过deadsnakesPPA 安装：
bash
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt install python3.11
防火墙配置：
如需开放端口（如数据库、Web 服务），使用ufw管理防火墙：
bash
sudo ufw allow 80/tcp # 开放HTTP端口
sudo ufw enable
三二互联专业提供香港VPS,美国VPS主机,香港云服务器租用等业务香港美国到大陆CN2 GIA速度最快
